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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">The progress of medical science and technology has made it possible for doctors to monitor every minute movement of pregnancy and labor in great detail. The entire journey of pregnancy is full of doctor&rsquo;s appointments, regular check-ups, tests, and scans because they play a vital role in your journey. When your baby is peacefully floating in a warm amniotic sac, he/she can become stressed out by uterine contractions. To assess the healthy growth and development of your baby the doctor will use fetal heart monitoring to check on the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat of your baby. Fetal heart monitoring is a part of your regular check-ups during pregnancy and one of the reliable methods for your doctor to easily detect an abnormal heart rate. To safeguard the child and the mother the doctor might recommend you to undergo fetal heart monitoring if:  </span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">You have diabetes.  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">High blood pressure levels  </span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Taking medicines for preterm labor  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Your baby is not growing and developing the way he/she should.   </span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">The purpose of fetal monitoring is to ensure that the heart rate is normal and that gives a green signal to your doctor to proceed with the process of childbirth. There are 2 different methods of fetal monitoring:  </span></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Intermittent auscultation  </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM)  </span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Intermittent auscultation is a method that is done with a help of a transducer. With the help of a transducer, the doctor can monitor your baby&rsquo;s heartbeat at a set time throughout your labor. Electronic fetal monitoring is a method in which graphic and numeric information of the fetal heart rate (FHR) is recorded. EFM can be internal and external.  </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">External EFM- Your ob-gyn may wrap a pair of belts around your abdomen. One belt uses Doppler to detect the heart rate of the fetus. The other belt measures the length of each contraction and the duration between them. These elastic belts have a flat device (sensors) in them and these sensors are connected to a machine that records every detail. You can hear the heartbeat of your baby and the doctor can take printouts of the recorded numeric and graphic information. How often you have contractions and for how long they lasted can be printed on a chart. EFM isn&rsquo;t painful however it can be uncomfortable for a pregnant woman because of the transducers that are strapped to the belly during labor.   </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Internal Monitoring is done when your cervix has dilated to at least 2 centimeters. The monitoring is done during labor and when your amniotic sac has ruptured. Internal monitoring gives a more accurate record of FHR. During this monitoring, a sensor is strapped to your thigh and a tiny electrode (thin wire) is inserted into your cervix. When the tiny wire gets attached to the scalp of your baby when inserted into your uterus, you can listen to your baby&rsquo;s heartbeat loud and clear with the help of a monitor.    </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">If you have a low-risk with no complications then Intermittent auscultation is an acceptable method. Continuous EFM is required when you have developed complications during pregnancy or labor, you have a preexisting medical condition like hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. It is also required if you have got an epidural or you require oxytocin to induce labor. If your baby&rsquo;s heart rate is abnormal then your doctor might recommend you to undergo some more tests and scans before arriving at any decision. An abnormal heart rate doesn&rsquo;t always indicate that there is something fishy, further tests will determine the actual issue.   </span></p>


<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">The Sanskrit word Garbha means a foetus in the womb, and Sanskar means educating the mind.   </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">It is an ancient practice that can be traced back to ancient scriptures and is included in the Vedas. It is a sort of prenatal education that helps in the physical, mental, and spiritual development of an unborn child. </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">It is believed that &quot;A child&#39;s mental and behavioural development gets started as soon as he is conceived. His personality begins to take shape in the womb and this can be influenced by the mother&#39;s state of mind during pregnancy&quot;. </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">During pregnancy, we can shape up our child&#39;s first impression by doing positive things such as listening to good music, reading good books, and with the help of positive thinking. Garbha Sanskar is a set of practices that helps in achieving the same goal. </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Garbha Sanskar not only helps to guide the unborn child, but it has a significant impact on the health of the mother as well. The positive thinking and attitude promote the physical well-being of a pregnant mother and forms a strong mother-child relationship. </span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size:16px">The benefits of following Garbha Sanskar are as follow: - </span></strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Garbha Sanskar helps improve the mother&#39;s health by eating a healthy diet, following healthy practices, and other methods. Pregnancy is considered the rebirth of the mother, so this is when she can follow some healthy practices and continue it for a lifetime to stay healthy for the rest of her life. </span></p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">During pregnancy, you follow a positive attitude for nine months. Science suggests that if you perform an action regularly for three weeks, it becomes a habit. So, this positivity will be your habit and a part of your character if you keep on following it regularly. This will help you in giving a better lifestyle and makes you feel fresh and fantastic for the rest of your life. </span></p>
	</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">The nature of the mother also changes to some extent. She becomes more tolerant, more patient, happier, more loving, more caring, more positive, less depressed, and an overall positive change. </span></p>
	</li>
	<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px">Eating natural food, living a healthy lifestyle, staying positive, avoiding junk food and fast food gives you a healthy body and a healthy heart. This will make skin healthier, blood purer, which will reflect on your skin. This will provide a natural glow to your face. </span><span style="font-size:16px">Following Garbha Sanskar well can help to give birth to a healthy child with several desired qualities such as: </span></li>
	<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px">The baby will have better sleeping and breastfeeding tendencies. </span></li>
	<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px">They are more alert and confident. </span></li>
	<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px">They are more active after and during birth. </span></li>
	<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px">They bond with their parents better. </span></li>
</ul>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16px">Garbha Sanskar is a traditional practice that people have followed for centuries because of its effectiveness. Even science supports the fact that thinking positively affects your unborn baby. So, by following this practice, you can go that extra mile to have a healthy baby.  </span></p>


<h2>TL;DR</h2>

<p>A fetal heartbeat usually becomes visible on ultrasound around <strong>6 weeks</strong>, and by about <strong>7 weeks</strong> it is detectable in most healthy pregnancies (<a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/fetal-development">Cleveland Clinic</a>) (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/your-pregnancy-care/ultrasound-scans/">NHS</a>)。 If no heartbeat is seen at an early scan, it does <strong>not always mean a problem</strong>. The most common reason is simply that <strong>the dates are off</strong>, you may be earlier in pregnancy than you think, especially with irregular periods. Other reasons include the <strong>type of scan</strong> (a transvaginal scan detects it earlier than an abdominal one), a <strong>tilted (retroverted) uterus</strong>, or the baby being <strong>too small to detect</strong> yet. In these cases, doctors usually advise a <strong>repeat scan in 1 to 2 weeks</strong>. <strong>Do not self-diagnose.</strong> However, if you have <strong>bleeding, severe pain or dizziness</strong>, contact your doctor immediately.</p>

<hr />
<blockquote>
<h2>Quick Answer</h2>

<p>A fetal heartbeat is usually visible on ultrasound around 6 weeks and detectable by about 7 weeks. If no heartbeat is seen early, it often just means the dates are off and you are earlier than you think, especially with irregular periods. Other reasons include the scan type, a tilted uterus, or the baby being too small yet. Doctors usually advise a repeat scan in 1 to 2 weeks. See a doctor urgently if you have bleeding or severe pain.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<p><strong>Author:</strong> Roohi Kalra, Senior Pregnancy Content Editor, Mylo Parenting Desk <strong>Medically reviewed by:</strong> Dr. Shruti Tanwar, MBBS, MS (Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology), aligned with <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/">NHS</a>, <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/">Mayo Clinic</a> and <a href="https://www.fogsi.org/">FOGSI</a> guidance <strong>Last updated: </strong>29 June 2026</p>

<blockquote>
<p><strong>Medical Disclaimer:</strong> This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. A single early scan is rarely the final word, your doctor interprets it along with your dates and history. If you have vaginal bleeding, severe or one-sided abdominal pain, or dizziness, seek medical care immediately to rule out miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<h2>Key Takeaways</h2>

<ul>
	<li>A fetal heartbeat is usually <strong>visible around 6 weeks</strong> and detectable by about <strong>7 weeks</strong> (<a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/fetal-development">Cleveland Clinic</a>)</li>
	<li><strong>No heartbeat at an early scan does not always mean a problem</strong></li>
	<li>The most common reason is <strong>wrong dates</strong> (you may be earlier than you think)</li>
	<li>A <strong>transvaginal scan</strong> detects the heartbeat earlier than an abdominal one</li>
	<li>A <strong>tilted (retroverted) uterus</strong> can make early detection harder</li>
	<li>The baby may simply be <strong>too small to detect</strong> yet</li>
	<li>Doctors usually advise a <strong>repeat scan in 1 to 2 weeks</strong></li>
	<li><strong>Do not self-diagnose</strong>; but see a doctor urgently for bleeding or severe pain</li>
</ul>

<hr />
<h2>When Should the Baby&#39;s Heartbeat Start?</h2>

<p>The baby&#39;s heart is one of the first organs to develop (<a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/fetal-development/art-20045302">Mayo Clinic</a>):</p>

<table border="1" bordercolor="#ccc" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Week</th>
			<th>What to Expect</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>5 to 6 weeks</strong></td>
			<td>The heart begins to beat; sometimes visible on a transvaginal scan</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>6 to 7 weeks</strong></td>
			<td>The heartbeat is usually detectable in healthy pregnancies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>By about 7 to 8 weeks</strong></td>
			<td>A clear heartbeat is expected on a transvaginal scan</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<blockquote>
<p>So if your scan is done <strong>very early (around 5 to 6 weeks)</strong>, it is common for the heartbeat to not be visible yet, this is often just a matter of timing, not a problem (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/your-pregnancy-care/ultrasound-scans/">NHS</a>)。</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<h2>Why Might the Heartbeat Be Detected Late?</h2>

<p>There are several <strong>common, harmless reasons</strong> a heartbeat may not show up at an early scan (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/">NHS</a>) (<a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4995-ultrasound-fetal-imaging">Cleveland Clinic</a>):</p>

<table border="1" bordercolor="#ccc" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Reason</th>
			<th>Explanation</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Wrong dates</strong></td>
			<td>You may be earlier in pregnancy than you think (the most common reason)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Irregular periods</strong></td>
			<td>Make the ovulation and conception date uncertain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Type of scan</strong></td>
			<td>A transvaginal scan detects the heartbeat earlier than an abdominal one</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Tilted (retroverted) uterus</strong></td>
			<td>Common; can make the baby harder to see early on</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Baby is very small</strong></td>
			<td>At 5 to 6 weeks the embryo is tiny and the heartbeat may not be visible yet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Maternal factors</strong></td>
			<td>Abdominal tissue can make an abdominal scan less clear</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<blockquote>
<p>Notice that <strong>most of these are about timing and technique, not about the baby&#39;s health.</strong> This is why doctors rarely draw conclusions from a single very early scan.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<h2>What Does &quot;No Heartbeat&quot; at an Early Scan Mean?</h2>

<p><strong>It does not automatically mean a miscarriage.</strong> This is the most important reassurance (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/">NHS</a>)。</p>

<ul>
	<li>If you are <strong>earlier than 7 weeks</strong>, the heartbeat may simply not be visible yet</li>
	<li>If your <strong>dates are uncertain</strong> (irregular cycles, unsure of last period), you may be less far along than calculated</li>
	<li>A <strong>transvaginal scan</strong> may show what an abdominal scan could not</li>
</ul>

<p>In these situations, doctors usually recommend a <strong>repeat scan in 1 to 2 weeks</strong> to allow time for development before drawing any conclusion (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/">NHS</a>)。</p>

<hr />
<h2>What Happens Next? (The Repeat Scan)</h2>

<p>If no heartbeat is seen early, the usual step is a <strong>follow-up scan in 1 to 2 weeks</strong> (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/">NHS</a>):</p>

<ol>
	<li>The wait allows the pregnancy to <strong>develop further</strong></li>
	<li>The repeat scan often <strong>shows a clear heartbeat</strong> that was simply too early before</li>
	<li>Your doctor may also check <strong>hCG blood levels</strong> (which should roughly double every 48 to 72 hours in early pregnancy)</li>
	<li>Your doctor interprets everything <strong>together</strong>, not from one scan alone</li>
</ol>

<blockquote>
<p>The waiting period can feel anxious, but a repeat scan is a <strong>normal, careful step</strong>, not automatically a sign of bad news.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>➡️ <strong>Related read:</strong> <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/what-to-expect-in-your-7-week-pregnancy-scan-report-167394">What to expect in your 7-week pregnancy scan report</a></p>

<hr />
<h2>When Should You Worry or See a Doctor Urgently?</h2>

<p>Contact your doctor immediately, regardless of the scan, if you have (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/symptoms/">NHS</a>) (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/">NHS Ectopic</a>):</p>

<ul>
	<li><strong>Vaginal bleeding</strong> (any amount)</li>
	<li><strong>Severe or one-sided abdominal pain</strong></li>
	<li><strong>Shoulder-tip pain</strong> (in early pregnancy, possible ectopic)</li>
	<li><strong>Dizziness or fainting</strong></li>
	<li><strong>A sudden loss of pregnancy symptoms</strong> with other warning signs</li>
</ul>

<blockquote>
<p>These symptoms need prompt evaluation to rule out <strong>miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy</strong>, which is a medical emergency.</p>
</blockquote>

<hr />
<h2>What Should You Do While Waiting for the Repeat Scan?</h2>

<p>It is natural to feel anxious. While you wait (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/">NHS</a>):</p>

<ol>
	<li><strong>Try not to panic</strong>, an early scan is often just too early</li>
	<li><strong>Avoid self-diagnosing</strong> from internet charts</li>
	<li><strong>Continue your normal antenatal care</strong> and any prescribed supplements</li>
	<li><strong>Rest and look after yourself</strong></li>
	<li><strong>Note any bleeding or pain</strong> and report it promptly</li>
	<li><strong>Ask your doctor</strong> any questions, write them down before your appointment</li>
</ol>

<hr />
<h2>Indian Context: What Indian Mothers Should Know</h2>

<ol>
	<li><strong>Repeat scans are routine:</strong> A follow-up scan in 1 to 2 weeks is a <strong>normal precaution</strong>, not automatically a bad sign (<a href="https://www.fogsi.org/">FOGSI</a>)</li>
	<li><strong>Do not self-interpret:</strong> Avoid matching your scan to internet images and worrying; let your gynaecologist explain it</li>
	<li><strong>Dating uncertainty is common:</strong> Irregular periods are common, so being &quot;earlier than expected&quot; is a frequent, harmless explanation</li>
	<li><strong>No gender prediction:</strong> Sex determination is <strong>illegal in India</strong> under the PCPNDT Act; scans are for health monitoring only</li>
	<li><strong>Cost:</strong> An early transvaginal scan in India typically costs about ₹800 to ₹2,500</li>
	<li><strong>Report bleeding urgently:</strong> Early-pregnancy bleeding or one-sided pain should never be ignored, go to a hospital with maternity services</li>
</ol>

<hr />
<h2>Myths vs Facts About Late Heartbeat</h2>

<table border="1" bordercolor="#ccc" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Myth</th>
			<th>Fact</th>
			<th>Source</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;No heartbeat early always means miscarriage&quot;</td>
			<td>False. Dates are often off; a repeat scan is advised</td>
			<td><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/">NHS</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;A transvaginal scan can harm the pregnancy&quot;</td>
			<td>False. It is safe and uses no radiation</td>
			<td><a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4995-ultrasound-fetal-imaging">Cleveland Clinic</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;If the heartbeat is late, the baby is unhealthy&quot;</td>
			<td>False. Late detection is usually about timing, not health</td>
			<td><a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/fetal-development">Cleveland Clinic</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;One scan settles everything&quot;</td>
			<td>False. Early findings are confirmed with a follow-up</td>
			<td><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/your-pregnancy-care/ultrasound-scans/">NHS</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;A tilted uterus means something is wrong&quot;</td>
			<td>False. It is common and usually harmless</td>
			<td><a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/fetal-development">Cleveland Clinic</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&quot;Heart rate can tell the baby&#39;s gender&quot;</td>
			<td>False. No scientific basis (and illegal to test in India)</td>
			<td><a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/fetal-development/art-20045302">Mayo Clinic</a></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<hr />
<h2>FAQs: Late Heartbeat in Pregnancy</h2>

<h3>When does a baby&#39;s heartbeat usually start?</h3>

<p>The heart begins beating around <strong>5 to 6 weeks</strong>, and a heartbeat is usually detectable on a transvaginal scan by about <strong>6 to 7 weeks</strong> (<a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/fetal-development">Cleveland Clinic</a>)。 If your scan is done very early, it may simply be too soon to see it.</p>

<h3>Scan mein late heartbeat aaye toh ghabrayein? (Hinglish)</h3>

<p>Zaroori nahi. Aksar iska matlab hota hai ki dates thodi aage-peeche hain aur aap soche se kam hafte mein hain, khaas kar irregular periods mein. Transvaginal scan heartbeat ko jaldi pakadta hai. Doctor aksar 1 se 2 hafte baad dobara scan karwate hain. Lekin agar bleeding, tez pet dard ya chakkar ho toh turant doctor se milein.</p>

<h3>Is a late heartbeat normal in pregnancy?</h3>

<p><strong>Often, yes.</strong> A heartbeat not seen at a very early scan is commonly due to <strong>dating differences or the scan being done too early</strong>, not a problem (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/">NHS</a>)。 Doctors usually arrange a repeat scan in 1 to 2 weeks to check again before drawing any conclusion.</p>

<h3>Does no heartbeat at an early scan always mean miscarriage?</h3>

<p><strong>No.</strong> It does not automatically mean miscarriage (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/">NHS</a>)。 If you are earlier than 7 weeks, or your dates are uncertain, the heartbeat may simply not be visible yet. A follow-up scan, and sometimes hCG blood tests, help clarify the picture.</p>

<h3>Why is a transvaginal scan better early in pregnancy?</h3>

<p>A <strong>transvaginal scan</strong> places the probe closer to the uterus, giving a <strong>clearer image</strong> when the embryo is very small (<a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4995-ultrasound-fetal-imaging">Cleveland Clinic</a>)。 It can detect a heartbeat earlier than an abdominal scan, and it is completely safe.</p>

<h3>Heartbeat na dikhe toh repeat scan kab hota hai? (Hinglish)</h3>

<p>Agar heartbeat nahi dikhta, toh doctor aksar 1 se 2 hafte baad dobara scan karwate hain, taaki pregnancy ko develop hone ka time mile. Aksar repeat scan mein clear heartbeat dikh jata hai jo pehle bahut early hone ki wajah se nahi dikha tha. Doctor hCG blood test bhi karwa sakte hain.</p>

<h3>Can a tilted uterus cause a late heartbeat on scan?</h3>

<p><strong>Yes, it can make early detection harder.</strong> A tilted (retroverted) uterus is common and usually harmless (<a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/fetal-development">Cleveland Clinic</a>)。 It can make the baby a little harder to see early on, but the uterus moves forward as pregnancy progresses, and a repeat or transvaginal scan usually helps.</p>

<h3>What should I do while waiting for a repeat scan?</h3>

<p><strong>Try not to panic and avoid self-diagnosing.</strong> Continue your normal antenatal care, rest, and note any bleeding or pain to report promptly (<a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/">NHS</a>)。 Write down your questions for your doctor. If you have bleeding, severe pain or dizziness, seek care immediately.</p>

<hr />
<h2>References</h2>

<ol>
	<li>Cleveland Clinic. &quot;Fetal Development.&quot; <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/fetal-development">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/fetal-development</a></li>
	<li>Cleveland Clinic. &quot;Ultrasound (Fetal Imaging).&quot; <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4995-ultrasound-fetal-imaging">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4995-ultrasound-fetal-imaging</a></li>
	<li>Mayo Clinic. &quot;Fetal Development: First Trimester.&quot; <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/fetal-development/art-20045302">https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/fetal-development/art-20045302</a></li>
	<li>NHS UK. &quot;Ultrasound Scans in Pregnancy.&quot; <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/your-pregnancy-care/ultrasound-scans/">https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/your-pregnancy-care/ultrasound-scans/</a></li>
	<li>NHS UK. &quot;Miscarriage.&quot; <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/">https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/</a></li>
	<li>NHS UK. &quot;Miscarriage: Symptoms.&quot; <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/symptoms/">https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/symptoms/</a></li>
	<li>NHS UK. &quot;Ectopic Pregnancy.&quot; <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/">https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/</a></li>
	<li>FOGSI (Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India). <a href="https://www.fogsi.org/">https://www.fogsi.org/</a></li>
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<p>If you&#39;re 8 weeks pregnant with twins in the womb, probably, you&#39;ve already seen (or will soon see) your infants via ultrasound. Morning sickness, bloating, food cravings or dislike, exhaustion, breast changes, frequent urination, and increased vaginal discharge are all common pregnancy symptoms. Your twin infants will soon be called fetuses, growing at an alarming rate. Hearts that pump blood are now present in them, and growing brains, spinal cords, and lungs are also forming.</p>

<p>Eight weeks pregnant is when nausea and vomiting (also known as morning sickness) may begin to appear while recording pregnancy symptoms week by week, whether with a single child or twins. A possible contributing element to this illness is the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), albeit the actual cause or causes of this ailment remain unclear.</p>

<p>This uncomfortable sensation, which may be (but is not usually) more acute during a twin pregnancy, is not something anybody enjoys experiencing; nonetheless, many expectant mothers see it as a sign that their pregnancy is progressing well.</p>

<h2><strong>Symptoms of twins inside the womb at eight weeks</strong></h2>

<p>The likelihood is that by this point, you&#39;ve gotten confirmation that you&#39;re pregnant through a positive pregnancy test and that you&#39;ll begin to experience pregnancy-related symptoms if you haven&#39;t already started to show signs of pregnancy. But don&#39;t be concerned if you aren&#39;t experiencing any significant changes &mdash; some women may not experience the side effects as strongly or as quickly as others.</p>

<h3><strong>1. Nausea and vomiting</strong></h3>

<p>Even though it is often referred to as &quot;morning sickness,&quot; pregnant nausea may strike at any time of day. This nausea, which is typical in the first trimester of pregnancy and may or may not entail vomiting, may occur throughout the pregnancy. Nausea and vomitting are common symptoms of twins in the womb. Most likely, the pregnancy hormones HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and estrogen are to blame for the symptoms of morning sickness.</p>

<p>If you are experiencing nausea, eating and drinking in little quantities regularly, having something tiny to eat as soon as you wake up, and sticking to bland foods for a short period are all excellent strategies to alleviate or prevent it from occurring.</p>

<h3><strong>2. Bloating</strong></h3>

<p>Progesterone, the pregnancy hormone, causes digestion to slow down, which may cause you to feel bloated in the early stages of your pregnancy. This bloating may also play a role in developing nausea during pregnancy.</p>

<h3><strong>3. Cravings and aversion for food </strong></h3>

<p>You may have certain dietary cravings or aversions that you cannot control during your pregnancy. Every woman has her own set of preferences for cuisine, which might vary from one another.</p>

<h3><strong>4. Fatigue</strong></h3>

<p>Fatigue is a typical pregnancy symptom, particularly in the early stages of pregnancy. When the hormone progesterone levels grow, you may experience fatigue, but this is also beneficial since it helps to support your body&#39;s needs when you are expecting a child.</p>

<h3><strong>5. Breast changes</strong></h3>

<p>Because of the increase in hormones, you may experience increased sensitivity and tenderness in your breasts and increased size and firmness compared to what you&#39;re used to. In addition, it&#39;s possible that the region surrounding your nipple, known as the areola, may darken as well.</p>

<h3><strong>6. Frequent urination</strong></h3>

<p>Pregnancy hormones and an increased volume of blood flow in your body can cause you to have the desire to pee more often than normal throughout your pregnancy, so plan accordingly. This will likely worsen as your uterus continues to stretch and thicken, placing strain on your bladder.</p>

<h3><strong>7. Increased discharge</strong></h3>

<p>During pregnancy, the increase in estrogen production will most likely result in increased vaginal discharge. However, this is quite normal. However, if you have green, yellow, or thick cheese-like discharge, foul-smelling discharge, or your vaginal area is red, itchy, or irritated, you should consult your healthcare provider right away. Almost any signs or symptoms might indicate an infection or other condition.</p>

<p> </p>


<p>Pregnancy is a crucial time for the expecting mother. Health hazards are dialled to eleven. Thus, if you are an expecting mother, it is important to know that the fragile nature of the baby inherently stems from the fact that the baby is quite literally growing inside a fully functioning human. For development and growth, the foetus takes nutrients and necessary requirements from the mother. Hence, taking care of the mother and checking on the baby at repeated time intervals is imperative.</p>

<h2><strong>About the Foetal Doppler Test</strong></h2>

<p>From a technical standpoint, an unborn child of a mammal (in this specific case human), which is more than eight weeks old, is called a foetus. There is no heartbeat before this time. Checking the heartbeat of a foetus is done by using a piece of equipment named the foetal Doppler monitor, and the test is called the foetal Doppler test.</p>

<h2><strong>How to check a baby&rsquo;s heartbeat during early pregnancy?</strong></h2>

<p>A foetal Doppler test is a type of ultrasound. It is a handheld device that is used to self check the baby&rsquo;s heartbeat during pregnancy at home. The test is generally performed in the second trimester of the pregnancy, usually between the 13th to the 28th week of the pregnancy. Depending on the manufacturer, some devices advertise the possibility of utilising the device from 8 to 12 weeks. However, doctors advise against it. Some may also tell you to wait up to 16 weeks so as to not make the mother nervous from possible faulty readings. These faulty readings can occur due to the baby being in the pelvis of the mother.</p>

<h2><strong>Performing the foetal Doppler</strong></h2>

<p>The process of checking a baby&rsquo;s heartbeat at home is fairly simple. At-home foetal Dopplers are available on eCommerce stores and at offline retailers.</p>

<p>The method is fairly standardised. Moving the device slowly over the mother&rsquo;s womb should give out a reading. Listening to the foetus&rsquo; heartbeat lets you connect with them.</p>

<p>The science behind the process is also fairly straightforward. Foetal sounds are detected by a high-frequency wave sent out by the device, which gives the reading.</p>

<h2><strong>Things you must know</strong></h2>

<p>The process seems easy, and you may feel ready to buy an at-home foetal Doppler. However, it is strongly recommended that you first ask your doctor for advice and discuss the subject with them at length. Secondly, it is even more vital to be aware of and understand the potential risks applicable to using the device.</p>

<p>These risks could harm potentially the mother and the child. At this point, it is crucial to note that the first foetal Doppler test is generally recommended to be done in the presence of a doctor by a professional sonographer. Only after should an expectant mother perform a foetal doppler at home. This ensures that it is the right time to perform a foetal doppler and that the readings are accurate.</p>

<p>An argument that has been raised repeatedly is that these devices can give a faulty reading because they don&rsquo;t match the quality standards of a hospital-grade foetal doppler. Some also say that it is better to let professional sonographers handle this task due to the sensitive nature of the mother-child relationship and the underlying ecosystem. Midwives are the fiercest critics who have more often than not voiced opinions against checking baby&#39;s heartbeat during pregnancy at home using foetal dopplers. It is, however, a view or a perspective and not a mandate to be followed. Parents have been using the technology to keep tabs on babies and continue to do so. If your doctor doesn&rsquo;t restrict the use of an at-home foetal Doppler for any reason, it can be considered alright for a parent to go ahead. If you know how to self check baby&#39;s heartbeat during pregnancy at home, then you have nothing to worry about. Thank you for reading, and many congratulations on your baby.</p>

<h3><strong>References</strong></h3>

<p>1. Elizabeth R. Stamm, Julia A. Drose. The Fetal Heart. clinicalheart.com</p>

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<p>A fetal heartbeat is the sound of the baby&#39;s heart beating in the womb. It is a reassuring sound for expecting parents, and it is usually detected by ultrasound. But what happens if the fetal heartbeat suddenly disappears? Can fetal heartbeat disappear and reappear?</p>

<p>In this article, we will answer these questions and discuss the risks associated with a disappearing fetal heartbeat.</p>

<h2><strong>What is a Fetal Heartbeat? </strong></h2>

<p>A fetal heartbeat is a sound made by the baby&#39;s heart as it beats in the womb. The sound is usually detected by a Doppler ultrasound or fetal heart monitor during the second trimester of pregnancy. It is a reassuring sign for expecting parents and can be used to monitor the baby&#39;s health. The normal fetal heart rate is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.</p>

<p>Also read : <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/fetal-echo-test-in-pregnancy-a-diagnostic-tool-for-detecting-heart-defects-in-the-womb-25030?">Fetal Echo Test in Pregnancy: A Diagnostic Tool for Detecting Heart Defects in the Womb</a></p>

<h2><strong>Can Fetal Heartbeat Disappear and Reappear? </strong></h2>

<p>It is possible for a fetal heartbeat to disappear and then reappear. This phenomenon is referred to as a &quot;<a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/vanishing-twin-syndrome-causes-symptoms-treatment-25173?">vanishing twin</a>,&quot; where one of the twins in a multiple pregnancy is miscarried or absorbed by the other twin. In some cases, the fetal heartbeat will disappear and then reappear.</p>

<p>It is also possible for a fetal heartbeat to disappear and then reappear in a single pregnancy. This is known as &quot;variation in fetal heart rate,&quot; and it is usually not a cause for concern. The fetal heart rate can vary from day to day, and this can be normal.</p>

<p>You may also like : <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/fetal-growth-restriction-fgr-in-pregnancy%20overview-215599">Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) in pregnancy - Overview</a></p>

<h2><strong>Reasons for No Fetal Heartbeat</strong></h2>

<p>There are several potential causes of a disappearing fetal heartbeat. In some cases, the baby may have died in the womb, and the heartbeat has stopped. This is known as a fetal demise, and it can be caused by a number of factors, including infection, chromosomal abnormalities, or <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/placenta-abruption-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-25540?">placental abruption</a>.</p>

<p>In other cases, the fetus may still be alive, but the heartbeat is temporarily undetectable. This can be due to poor positioning of the fetus or interference from the mother&#39;s own heartbeat. It can also be caused by a condition called &quot;variable deceleration,&quot; where the fetal heart rate slows down and then returns to normal.</p>

<h2><strong>How Common is it for a Fetal Heartbeat to Disappear and Reappear? </strong></h2>

<p>It is not very common for a fetal heartbeat to disappear and then reappear. Fetal demise is rare, occurring in less than 1% of all pregnancies. Variable decelerations are more common, but they are usually not a cause for concern and usually resolve on their own.</p>

<h2><strong>What Tests Can be Done to Check a Baby&#39;s Heart Rate? </strong></h2>

<p>The best way to check a baby&#39;s heart rate is to use a Doppler ultrasound or fetal heart monitor. These tests use sound waves to detect the baby&#39;s heartbeat and can be done in the doctor&#39;s office. The fetal heart rate can also be monitored with an electronic fetal monitor during labor.</p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-foul-air-may-affect-fetal-heart-development-37763?">How Foul Air May Affect Fetal Heart Development</a></p>

<h2><strong>What are the Risks Associated with a Disappearing Fetal Heartbeat? </strong></h2>

<p>If there is no fetal heartbeat on ultrasound, there is a risk of fetal demise or birth defects. Fetal demise can be caused by infection, chromosomal abnormalities, or placental abruption. These conditions can increase the risk of miscarriage or <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/stillbirth-cause-symptoms-risks-prevention-217106?">stillbirth</a>.</p>

<p>Birth defects can also occur if the fetus is not developing properly. This can lead to neurological problems, physical deformities, or developmental delays.</p>

<h2><strong>What is the Treatment for a Disappearing Fetal Heartbeat? </strong></h2>

<p>If the fetal heartbeat is not detectable, the doctor may recommend further testing. This may include an ultrasound or fetal echocardiogram to check for structural abnormalities. If a fetal demise is detected, the doctor may recommend a <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/dilation-and-curettage-procedure-risks-benefits-214797?">D&amp;C procedure</a> to remove the fetus from the uterus.</p>

<p>If the fetal heartbeat is detected but is not normal, the doctor may recommend medications or other treatments to help stabilize the baby&#39;s heart rate. In some cases, the baby may need to be delivered early to reduce the risk of complications.</p>

<h2><strong>What Should I Do if I Have Questions or Concerns About My Baby&#39;s Heart Rate? </strong></h2>

<p>If you have any questions or concerns about your baby&#39;s heart rate, it is important to talk to your doctor. Your doctor can perform tests to check the baby&#39;s heart rate and make sure everything is okay. They can also answer any questions you may have and provide reassurance if needed.</p>

<h3><strong>Conclusion </strong></h3>

<p>A fetal heartbeat is an important sign of the baby&#39;s health in the womb. But can fetal heartbeat disappear and reappear? It is possible for a fetal heartbeat to disappear and then reappear, but it is not very common. If you have any questions or concerns about your baby&#39;s heart rate, it is important to talk to your doctor.</p>

<h3>References</h3>

<p>1. Valenti O, Di Prima FA, Renda E, Faraci M, Hyseni E, De Domenico R, Monte S, Giorgio E. (2011). Fetal cardiac function during the first trimester of pregnancy. J Prenat Med.</p>

<p>2. Shuffrey LC, Myers MM, Odendaal HJ, Elliott AJ, du Plessis C, Groenewald C, Burd L, Angal J. (2019). Fetal heart rate, heart rate variability, and heart rate/movement coupling in the Safe Passage Study. J Perinatol.</p>
<h2>FAQs</h2>
<h3>Can a fetal heartbeat disappear and come back?</h3>
<p>In very early pregnancy, it can appear missing due to wrong dating, baby's position, or equipment limitations - and 'reappear' on a follow-up scan. Once a strong heartbeat is established, it's rare for it to vanish and return.</p>
<h3>Why can the heartbeat go missing in early scans?</h3>
<p>Common reasons include miscalculated EDD, late ovulation, baby still too small to detect, transvaginal vs abdominal scan differences, and equipment sensitivity.</p>
<h3>What if my 8-week scan shows no heartbeat?</h3>
<p>Don't panic - your doctor will likely recommend a repeat scan in 7-10 days. Sometimes a heartbeat is missed due to dates being off. Only after CRL &gt; 7mm with no heartbeat for 1+ weeks is loss confirmed.</p>
<h3>How can I cope with the wait for a repeat scan?</h3>
<p>Rest, avoid intense activity, lean on your partner and loved ones, limit Googling, talk to a counselor if needed, and remember - many women in this situation get good news at the next scan.</p>

<p>As an expectant mother, feeling your baby&#39;s movements in your womb is one of the most magical experiences you can have. That first flutter, the first kick, the first roll - each one is a reminder that you are growing a tiny human being inside you. But have you ever wondered when does baby kicking during pregnancy start, what those movements mean, and why they happen?</p>

<p>In this article, we&#39;ll delve into the mysteries of baby kicks during pregnancy, exploring everything from when you can first expect to feel those flutters to what they might be telling you about your developing baby. So, sit back, relax, and get ready to discover the wonders of quickening in pregnancy.</p>

<h2><strong>What is Quickening and When Does It Occur?</strong></h2>

<p>Quickening is the term used to describe the first sensations of fetal movement during pregnancy. It is an exciting milestone for expectant mothers as it signifies the presence of life growing within. The timing of quickening varies from woman to woman, but it typically occurs between the 18th and 25th week of pregnancy. For some mothers, it may happen earlier, around the 16th week, while others may feel it later, around the 26th week.</p>

<p>Quickening holds great significance in a pregnancy journey. It serves as tangible confirmation that the baby is developing and thriving. The initial flutters and gentle movements bring immense joy and a deep sense of connection between the mother and the unborn child. As the pregnancy progresses, these movements become more pronounced, providing reassurance that the baby is growing strong.</p>

<p>Furthermore, quickening also plays a crucial role in monitoring the baby&#39;s health. It serves as a vital sign that the baby is active and responsive. Absence or decrease in fetal movement can indicate potential problems and should be promptly addressed by a healthcare provider.</p>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/why-you-are-feeling-baby-movement-in-lower-abdomen-210248">Why You Are Feeling Baby Movement in Lower Abdomen?</a></p>

<h2><strong>What Does Normal Fetal Movement Feel Like?</strong></h2>

<p>Fetal movement goes through different stages during pregnancy. Usually, mothers feel flutters, bubbles or twinges during quickening, which can often <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/gas-during-pregnancy-150215">feel like gas</a>. These early movements are often subtle and easily mistaken for gastrointestinal sensations.</p>

<p>As the baby grows, the movements become more distinct and vigorous. Kicks, punches, and rolls become more noticeable, creating a delightful dance of life within the mother&#39;s belly. The baby&#39;s sleep-wake cycles also become more apparent, with periods of heightened activity followed by moments of tranquility.</p>

<p>With time these movements become more prominent, and mothers can differentiate between gas and quickening. As the baby grows, you will start feeling frantic jerky fetal movements as the baby does not have enough room to move around. These movements are much more pronounced as the pregnancy progresses and women report rapid fetal movement in the third trimester.</p>

<h2><strong>When are You More Likely to Experience Fetal Movement?</strong></h2>

<p>Here are some situations when you&#39;re more likely to experience baby kicking during pregnancy:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Mothers may feel increased fetal movement at night as the baby rests during the morning and the afternoon.</li>
	<li>After a meal, you may feel your baby kicking more. The gush in blood sugar inside the body results in frantic jerky fetal movements.</li>
	<li>While you feel low or nervous, it is easy to recognize the baby&#39;s movement clearly as your body will be in an undisturbed position.</li>
	<li>When you aren&#39;t moving for long and when they want you to react to your decreasing <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-complications-of-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-during-pregnancy-155417">sugar levels in the blood</a>.</li>
	<li>When you are laughing out loud, listening to music, or even talking to them - Awe!</li>
	<li>Lie down on your left and he/she will respond to it.</li>
	<li>Eat a snack that&#39;s healthy or has a juice and watches them respond to your blood sugar levels.</li>
	<li>Sing a lullaby at one point every day and your baby will respond with movements.</li>
	<li>Simply flashlight over your tummy and there you go with another kick!</li>
</ul>

<p>You may also like: <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/fetal-growth-and-development-during-pregnancy-200178">Fetal Growth and Development During Pregnancy</a></p>

<h2><strong>When Should You Start Keeping Fetal Movement Count?</strong></h2>

<p>Your doctor will most likely ask you to start counting kicks during the <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/third-trimester-of-pregnancy-183944?">third trimester</a> starting from the 28th week till the end of your pregnancy. You should count kicks twice a day, first in the morning and then during the evening.</p>

<p>Many babies have been saved and pregnancy mishaps averted as the mothers were alert about the baby&rsquo;s kick counts and rushed to the hospital after noticing changes in kick counts and patterns. As an expecting mom, you should take kick counting seriously and follow your doctor&rsquo;s advice about it.</p>

<h2><strong>Why is Keeping Fetal Kick Counts Important?</strong></h2>

<p>Kicking is the most visible sign that the little life inside you is growing properly. That&rsquo;s why it is very important to count the <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/its-important-that-you-get-kicked-by-your-baby-in-25393">baby&rsquo;s kicks during pregnancy</a>. Simply put, kick count is just counting the number of times a baby moves over a given period of time such as one hour. It is a good thing if the fetal kick counts are consistent but the reduced fetal movement is an alarming thing and can be a sign of trouble.</p>

<p>A drop in fetal movement often also points towards a <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/heres-a-complete-guide-on-oligohydramnios-low-amn-25629?">reduction in amniotic fluid</a> or more worryingly a ruptured amniotic sac. Hence, pregnant women are strongly encouraged to monitor their babies so that any potential complication can be detected at the earliest and necessary medical intervention or help is provided.</p>

<p>Regular monitoring of fetal movements by counting kicks becomes even more important as the due date approaches. During the 9th month of pregnancy, women need to count the kicks many times a day.</p>

<h2><strong>How to Track Fetal Kick Counts?</strong></h2>

<p>Here&#39;s a simple kick counting procedure you can follow to keep a track of your <a href="https://mylofamily.com/article/how-and-when-will-you-start-feeling-your-baby-move-45260?">baby&#39;s movements</a> during pregnancy</p>

<ul>
	<li>You can start counting your baby kicks once you reach the 28th week as that is when your baby&rsquo;s arms and legs are well grown. Also, he/she is ready to blow you with an array of movements.</li>
	<li>Remember to track kicks during the same time of the day. You must analyze the time of the day when you think your baby is active. Do not choose a time when he/she rests and then go panicky as there won&#39;t be any kicks when the little one is resting!</li>
	<li>Usually, the baby kicks 3 times in 30 minutes or 10 times in an hour. If it doesn&#39;t reach 10 counts in an hour or two, you needn&#39;t panic. Just have a snack or juice and take note again. It will help. If you don&#39;t seem to feel any signs of movement, then it is advised to evaluate under the doctor&rsquo;s guidance.</li>
	<li>Also, follow this routine while you are seated in a very comfortable position lying to your left or sitting. Avoid multitasking while you are counting your baby&rsquo;s kicks as that might distract and let you lose count.</li>
	<li>Even mild movements like stretching, breathing, and turning are considered kicks.</li>
</ul>

<p>The general rule of thumb is - Not all babies kick the same way! Each one differs.</p>

<h3><strong>Things to remember</strong></h3>

<ul>
	<li>If you find any change in the normal fetal movement, ensure you report it to your doctor immediately.</li>
	<li>One baby&rsquo;s kicks needn&#39;t necessarily be similar to that of the other. Even the same mother will have two different kick patterns for two different babies being delivered at two different points of time.</li>
	<li>Observe the kick timings and movements as to when he/she is active and at rest. Follow the same.</li>
	<li>Your baby must improve in movements as days go by rather than decreased fetal movement.</li>
</ul>

<h3><strong>A matter of concern</strong></h3>

<p>When you realize that the kick counts timings are changing swiftly from one kick to another or if you feel something suspicious within, report immediately to the concerned. Also, if you find no response from your baby for long hours, he/she might not be provided with enough oxygen supply. So, consult the doctor and treat it immediately.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><iframe frameborder="0" height="167" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" scrolling="no" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/46gURPBZqP4" title="YouTube video player" width="315"></iframe></p>

<h3>Closing Thoughts</h3>

<p>In conclusion, feeling your baby kicking during pregnancy is one of the most magical and unforgettable experiences a woman can have. It is a sign of a healthy pregnancy and a strong bond between mother and child. As we have explored in this article, the science behind quickening is fascinating and provides insight into the development of the fetus. However, the emotional impact of feeling those little kicks and flutters cannot be measured. So cherish those moments, and revel in the wonder of new life growing inside you.</p>

<h3>References</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Bryant, J; Jamil, R.T; Thistle, J. (2022). Fetal Movement. NCBO</li>
	<li>Stanford Medicine Children&#39;s Health. Fetal Movement Counting. Stanfordchildrens</li>
	<li>Van Dongen LG, Goudie EG. Fetal movement patterns in the first trimester of pregnancy. NCBI</li>
</ol>
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<p>Apart from ensuring healthy food choices, good prenatal care, and regular medicines, there are other factors also that affect the health of a developing fetus. One such environmental factor is exposure to microparticles in air pollution. According to a recent study, published in the journal Cardiovascular Toxicology, exposure to particulate matter in the air may damage the healthy development of the cardiovascular system of a fetus.</p>

<p>Researchers have found that exposure to microscopic particulates in early pregnancy or in late pregnancy, significantly impacted the development of the fetal heart. This means that pregnant women, those undergoing fertility treatment, or of child-bearing age should avoid going out in high pollution areas and should also consider monitoring the quality of indoor air.</p>

<p><strong>Even a single incident of exposure likely to cause damage</strong></p>

<p>The growth and development of the fetus are affected by what the mother eats, drinks and even breathes. Therefore, when she inhales these nano-particulates in the air, it affects her circulatory system, constricting her blood vessels and restricting the blood flow to the uterus. This lack of blood flow leads to a lower supply of oxygen and nutrients to the child, hampering its growth. Further, restricted blood flow may also lead to other pregnancy complications like intrauterine growth restriction.</p>

<p>For the purpose of the study, the researchers exposed a group of pregnant rats to nano aerosols of titanium dioxide a single time during all three trimesters and observed its effects. These effects were then compared with the development of milestones in pregnant rats exposed to highly filtered air.</p>

<p>The study findings revealed that exposure to these particulates in early pregnancy significantly impacted the development of the main artery and the umbilical vein in the fetus. Further, exposure during the late third trimester affected the growth of the fetus, distressing fetal size. This happened because of decreased nutrients and vitamins reaching the uterus during the third trimester. The researchers also found that the restricted blood flow to the fetus during pregnancy continued to affect the child in adulthood.</p>

<p><strong>Non-pregnant animals also affected</strong></p>

<p>Exposure to these nano-particles of titanium oxide damaged the function of uterine arteries even in non-pregnant animals. While nanotechnology has led to major advances in the sciences, its impact on humans at different stages of development is yet unknown.</p>

<p>It is estimated that by 2025, the annual global production of nanosized particles of titanium dioxide will reach 2.5 million metric tonnes. In addition to being found in the air, these nanoparticles are also used in personal and beauty care products like face powders and sunscreens.</p>

<p>Though the impact of air pollution on the general health of the population is well-known, there is relatively little research on how it affects fetal development. More research is being undertaken in this regard, but it would take some time for scientists to understand the complete implications of air pollution on fetal growth and development.</p>

<p> </p>


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